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Spectroscopic investigations of detachment on the MAST Upgrade Super-X divertor

K. Verhaegh, B. Lipschultz, J.R. Harrison, N. Osborne, A.C. Williams, P. Ryan, J. Allcock, J.G. Clark, F. Federici, B. Kool2023年被引用 13Nuclear FusionIF 3出版社

We present the first analysis of the atomic and molecular processes at play during detachment in the MAST-U Super-X divertor using divertor spectroscopy data. Our analysis indicates detachment in the MAST-U Super-X divertor can be separated into four sequential phases: first, the ionisation region detaches from the target at detachment onset leaving a region of increased molecular densities downstream. The plasma interacts with these molecules, resulting in molecular ions ( and/or ) that further react with the plasma leading to molecular activated recombination and dissociation (MAR and MAD), which results in excited atoms and significant Balmer line emission. Second, the MAR region detaches from the target leaving a sub-eV temperature region downstream. Third, an onset of strong emission from electron–ion recombination (EIR) ensues. Finally, the electron density decays near the target, resulting in the bulk of the electron density moving upstream. The analysis in this paper indicates that plasma–molecule interactions have a larger impact than previously reported and play a critical role in the intensity and interpretation of hydrogen atomic line emission characteristics on MAST-U. Furthermore, we find that the Fulcher band emission profile in the divertor can be used as a proxy for the ionisation region and may also be employed as a plasma temperature diagnostic for improving the separation of hydrogenic emission arising from electron-impact excitation and that from plasma–molecular interactions. We provide evidences for the presence of low electron temperatures (≪0.5 eV) during detachment phases III–IV based on quantitative spectroscopy analysis, a Boltzmann relation of the high-n Balmer line transitions together with an analysis of the brightness of high-n Balmer lines.

日本語訳

我々は、MAST-U Super-Xダイバータにおけるデタッチメント中に生じる原子・分子過程の初めての解析を、ダイバータ分光データを用いて提示する。我々の解析は、MAST-U Super-Xダイバータにおけるデタッチメントが4つの連続的な段階に分けられることを示している。第一に、電離領域がターゲットから離脱し、下流に分子密度の増加した領域が残る。プラズマはこれらの分子と相互作用し、分子イオン(および/または)を生成し、これらがさらにプラズマと反応して分子活性化再結合および分子活性化解離(MARおよびMAD)を引き起こし、その結果、励起原子と顕著なバルマー線放出が生じる。第二に、MAR領域がターゲットから離脱し、下流にサブeV温度領域が残る。第三に、電子-イオン再結合(EIR)による強い放出が始まる。最後に、電子密度がターゲット近傍で減衰し、結果として電子密度の大部分が上流へ移動する。本論文の解析は、プラズマ-分子相互作用が従来報告されていたよりも大きな影響を持ち、MAST-Uにおける水素原子発光線の強度と解釈に重要な役割を果たすことを示している。さらに、ダイバータにおけるフルチャー帯の発光プロファイルが電離領域の代理指標として使用でき、また、電子衝撃励起による水素発光とプラズマ-分子相互作用による発光を分離するためのプラズマ温度診断としても利用可能であることを見出した。我々は、定量的分光分析に基づき、デタッチメントの第III相および第IV相における低電子温度(≪0.5 eV)の存在、高準位バルマー遷移のボルツマン分布、および高準位バルマー線の輝度分析に関する証拠を提示する。

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