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Research and development of copper joint for ITER In-Vessel Coils

Qiangwang Hao, Jing Jin, Hua Wang, Xiaochuan Liu, Bowei Tao, Yu Wu, Alexander Vostner, Julien Laquiere, Fichera Claudio2023年Nuclear FusionIF 3出版社

The ITER In-Vessel Coils (IVCs) are crucial components of the Tokamak fusion reactor. They are located within the vacuum vessel (VV) behind the blanket shield modules and are responsible for compensating for fast perturbations of the plasma. There are a total of 176 joints used to connect the IVCs, feeders and feedthrough. The joint structure consists of a central copper conductor, a mineral (MgO) insulation layer, and an outer stainless-steel jacket. Given the inaccessibility of the IVCs once the blanket modules are installed, the highest level of quality is required for the joints. One key item is the welding of the copper conductor which has to be done inside the VV. To address the high thermal conductivity of copper conductor and the challenging constraints working inside the VV, a preheating method by the arc of the welding head has been developed. Macro- and micro-structure examination were performed on the welding cross sections, and tensile tests were carried out to check the strength of the copper joint, which demonstrated that arc preheating does not have a significant impact on the heat-affected zone. After more than 40 welding attempts and several design updates, the copper joint has been successfully developed and can be repeatedly and successfully welded.

日本語訳

ITER In-Vessel Coils(IVC)は、トカマク核融合炉の重要な構成要素である。それらは真空容器(VV)内のブランケット遮蔽モジュールの背後に位置し、プラズマの高速摂動を補償する役割を担っている。IVC、フィーダー、およびフィードスルーを接続するために、合計176箇所のジョイントが使用されている。ジョイント構造は、中心の銅導体、鉱物(MgO)絶縁層、および外側のステンレス鋼ジャケットから構成される。ブランケットモジュールが設置されるとIVCにアクセスできなくなることを考慮すると、ジョイントには最高レベルの品質が要求される。重要な項目の一つが、VV内部で行われなければならない銅導体の溶接である。銅導体の高い熱伝導率と、VV内部での作業における困難な制約に対処するために、溶接ヘッドのアークによる予熱方法が開発された。溶接断面に対してマクロ組織およびミクロ組織検査が実施され、銅ジョイントの強度を確認するために引張試験が行われ、アーク予熱が熱影響部に有意な影響を与えないことが実証された。40回以上の溶接試行と数回の設計更新を経て、銅ジョイントは首尾よく開発され、繰り返し確実に溶接することが可能となった。

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