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Afterheat in fusion structural materials and thermal transient scenarios in ITER

F. Andritsos, M. Zucchetti1991年Fusion Engineering and DesignIF 1.7出版社

AbstractThe decay heat stored in a fusion reactor after a year of operation has the potential to cause at least a partial meltdown of the reactor structure. A narrow outboard sector of the ITER has been modelled in conditions similar to those after a total LOCA (Loss Of Coolant Accident) with the purpose of estimating the temperature histories of the various components after an accidental shutdown. Three structural steels, MANET, AMCR 0033 and IF-B, were considered in place of the reference AISI 316L, in order to check the effect of their thernal, activation and shielding properties on the post accident thermal transient. The reference design, with AISI 316L steel, presents relatively low temperatures during the first weeks (peak after 3.5h). Problems may arise only within a long while after the accident (two months), if absolutely no emergency measures are taken: onlt at that time the temperature will reach a maximum close to its melting point. It was verified that both AMCR 0033 and IF-B steels present potentially dangerous temperature peaks at about 3.5h after the accident ad thus are not a good alternative to the reference steel. By far the best steel is MANET, as far as the post LOCA transient is concerned. It presents a 15% lower short-term temperature peak and, most important, at long term it has about half the temperature (in absolute) of the reference design.

日本語訳

核融合炉の運転停止後1年間に蓄積された崩壊熱は、炉構造の少なくとも部分的な溶融を引き起こす可能性がある。ITERの狭い外側セクターを、総冷却材喪失事故(LOCA)後の状態と同様の条件下でモデル化し、事故後の停止時における各構成部品の温度履歴を推定することを目的とした。基準設計であるAISI 316L鋼の代わりに、3種類の構造用鋼(MANET、AMCR 0033、IF-B)を検討し、それらの熱特性、活性化特性、および遮蔽特性が事故後の熱過渡現象に及ぼす影響を調べた。基準設計であるAISI 316L鋼では、最初の数週間は比較的低い温度が維持される(3.5時間後にピークに達する)。しかし、事故後2ヶ月を超えると、緊急対策が全く講じられない場合、温度は融点近くの最大値に達する可能性がある。一方、AMCR 0033鋼とIF-B鋼は、いずれも事故後約3.5時間で危険な温度ピークに達することが確認され、基準設計の代替としては不適切であることが示された。最も優れた結果を示したのはMANET鋼であり、短期的な温度ピークは基準設計より15%低く、長期的には絶対温度で約半分に抑えられた。

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