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Nonlinear MHD simulations of the gravitational ballooning mode close to marginal stability

S A Myers, B D Dudson, H R Wilson2013年Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionIF 2.2出版社

The ballooning mode is thought to play a key role in the mechanism which drives the problematic edge localized modes in tokamak plasmas, and possibly in other plasma eruptions, such as in the magnetosphere. We investigate the essential nonlinear physics of this mode by simulating an instability driven by gravity in a slab of magnetized plasma; magnetic field curvature plays a similar role in toroidal confinement systems.Full ideal magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) simulations are performed, which exhibit three distinct phases of the mode's evolution: (I) a linear phase that agrees well with the predictions of linear ideal MHD; (II) a non-linear regime where the instantaneous growth rate evolves, and is somewhat lower than the linear value and (III) an explosive plasma eruption. These regimes are characterized and compared with the predictions of analytic nonlinear theory, considering cases that are close to and far from marginal stability. Evidence of a subcritical instability is demonstrated in phase II where, provided the mode's amplitude is large enough, it can develop into an eruption even for values of gravity that give linear stability. The drop in growth rate during phase II depends on the strength of the linear drive, demonstrating that the initial phases of the nonlinear evolution are also dependent on the strength of the linear drive. To extend the calculations deeper into the nonlinear regime a four-field reduced MHD model is developed, which reproduces the same features as the full ideal MHD system.

日本語訳

バルーニングモードは、トカマクプラズマにおける問題となる周辺局在モードを駆動するメカニズムにおいて重要な役割を果たすと考えられており、おそらく磁気圏などの他のプラズマ爆発現象においても同様である。我々は、磁化プラズマのスラブにおける重力駆動不安定性のシミュレーションを通じて、このモードの本質的な非線形物理を調査する。ここで、磁場曲率はトロイダル閉じ込め系におけるものと同様の役割を果たす。完全電磁流体力学(MHD)シミュレーションを実行し、モードの進化における3つの明確な段階が観察される:(I)線形MHDの予測とよく一致する線形成長段階、(II)瞬間成長率が時間とともに変化し、線形値よりもやや低くなる非線形領域、および(III)爆発的なプラズマ噴出段階。これらの領域は特徴づけられ、臨界安定性に近い場合と遠い場合を考慮して、解析的非線形理論の予測と比較される。第II相では、モードの振幅が十分に大きい場合、線形安定性を与える重力の値でも爆発的噴出へと発展し得ることを示す、亜臨界不安定性の証拠が示される。第II相における成長率の低下は線形駆動の強さに依存し、非線形進化の初期段階もまた線形駆動の強さに依存することを実証している。計算をより深い非線形領域へと拡張するために、完全な理想MHD系と同じ特徴を再現する4場簡約MHDモデルが開発される。

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MagnetohydrodynamicsBallooning mode
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