Starting from the Vlasov equation (instead of the drift kinetic equation), the clumps equation is derived under QL-2 approximation. Then its moment equations are obtained. For small separation of two points in phase space, the moment equations are closed and can be solved exactly. The authors show that for ion clumps, Larmor radius effect plays an important role. Ion clumps occupy a much smaller volume in phase space than that obtained from drift approximation. For electron clumps, longitudinal diffusion may be important as well as the cross field diffusion. The time evolution of clumps with different alpha ( alpha =( tau perpendicular to / tau /sub ///)3. tau perpendicular to = Omega 2L2perpendicular to /2Dperpendicular to , tau /sub ///=(L/sub ///2/2D/sub ///)13/) are discussed.
Electron diffusion due to electromagnetic field fluctuations