A simple method intended to quickly assess the net acceleration of particle populations due to wave heating is proposed. It adopts the philosophy proposed by Stix (1975 Nucl. Fusion15 737; 1992 Waves in Plasmas (New York: AIP) pp 510–3) to compute the 1D distribution function of ion cyclotron resonance frequency heated species, but extends it on various fronts to allow describing tail formation of both minority and majority populations at any cyclotron harmonic. All plasma constituents are evolved by solving a set of coupled Fokker–Planck equations iteratively. As electrons easily reach high velocities, the relativistic collision operator for electron self-collisions has been implemented. Including a constant finite energy confinement time allows us to incorporate local losses qualitatively.
Electron cyclotron emission during electron cyclotron heating in tokamaks