AbstractA review of experimental work on magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) and heat transfer (HT) characteristics of liquid metal flows in fusion relevant conditions is presented. Experimental data on MHD flow pressure drop in straight channels of round and rectangular cross-section with electroconducting walls in a transverse magnetic field show good agreement with theoretical predictions, and simple engineering formulas are confirmed. Less data are available on velocity distribution and HT characteristics, and even less data are available for channels with electroinsulating walls or artificially made self-healing electroinsulating coatings. Some experiments show an interesting phenomena of HT increase in the presence of a transverse or axial magnetic field. For channels of complex geometry — expansions, contractions, bends, and manifolds — few experimental data are available. Future efforts should be directed toward investigation of MHD/HT in straight channels with perfect and nonperfect electroinsulated walls, including walls with controlled imperfections, and in channels of complex geometry. International cooperation in manufacturing and operating experimental facilities with magnetic fields at, or even higher than, 5–7 T with comparatively large volumes may be of great help.
磁流体动力学（MHD）与传热（HT）特性在聚变相关条件下液态金属流动中的实验研究综述。在横向磁场作用下，圆形及矩形截面直通道内液态金属流动的MHD压降实验数据与理论预测吻合良好，简单的工程公式得到验证。关于速度分布及传热特性的数据较少，而关于电绝缘壁面或人工制备的自修复电绝缘涂层通道的数据更为稀缺。部分实验显示出在横向或轴向磁场存在时传热增强的有趣现象。对于复杂几何形状通道——如扩张段、收缩段、弯头及联箱——的实验数据十分有限。未来的研究应着重于完善及非完善电绝缘壁面直通道（包括具有可控缺陷壁面的通道）以及复杂几何形状通道中的MHD与传热特性研究。在制造和运行磁场强度达到或超过5–7 T、具有较大容积的实验装置方面开展国际合作，将大有裨益。