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Loss of energetic particles due to resistive wall mode instability in ITER

Yueqiang Liu, L. Li, A. Loarte, S.D. Pinches, A. Polevoi2022年被引用 4Nuclear FusionIF 3出版社

Effects of an unstable n = 1 (n is the toroidal mode number) resistive wall mode (RWM) on the energetic particle (EP) confinement and loss are numerically investigated, for an ITER steady state scenario with 10 MA plasma current and 5.3 T toroidal field. The eigenfunction of the RWM is computed, with the associated three-dimensional magnetic field perturbation superposed with the 2D equilibrium field for tracing the EP drift orbits. Considered are mono-energetic EPs at 0.5 MeV and 1 MeV for deuterium ions, and 3.5 MeV for fusion-born alphas, with a range of distribution in the particle pitch angle. Modeling finds that less than 20% of EPs can be lost to the limiting surface in ITER assuming a source distribution uniform in minor radius, due to an unstable RWM that produces 100 Gauss poloidal field perturbation at the outboard mid-plane just inside the (effective) resistive wall surface. On top of the initial prompt drift orbit loss for counter-current EPs, the RWM induced particle loss occurs on a one second time scale, which is comparable to the RWM growth time in ITER. The 'wetted' area, due to the lost EPs striking the limiting surface, is generally found to be large due to the RWM. This is a favorable prediction for ITER. The loss distribution in the poloidal angle is more uniform for co-current EPs. Counter-current EPs experience outward orbit drift when launched from the low-field side, and tend to more often hit the bottom region of the limiting surface.

日本語訳

不安定なn=1(nはトロイダルモード数)抵抗性壁モード(RWM)が高エネルギー粒子(EP)の閉じ込めと損失に及ぼす影響を、10 MAのプラズマ電流と5.3 Tのトロイダル磁場を有するITER定常シナリオについて数値的に調べた。RWMの固有関数を計算し、関連する3次元磁場摂動を2次元平衡磁場に重ね合わせてEPのドリフト軌道を追跡した。考慮した単一エネルギーのEPは、重水素イオンについては0.5 MeVと1 MeV、核融合生成アルファ粒子については3.5 MeVであり、ピッチ角分布の範囲を設定した。モデリングの結果、ITERにおいて、不安定なRWMが(実効的な)抵抗性壁表面のすぐ内側の外側赤道面で100ガウスのポロイダル磁場摂動を生じる場合、マイナー半径方向に一様なソース分布を仮定すると、EPの20%未満がリミッター表面に損失することがわかった。反電流方向に打ち出されたEPの初期ドリフト軌道損失に加えて、RWM誘起の粒子損失は1秒の時間スケールで発生し、これはITERにおけるRWMの成長時間と同程度である。損失したEPがリミッター表面に当たる「ウェッテッド」領域は、一般にRWMによって大きくなることがわかった。これはITERにとって好ましい予測である。損失分布は、同電流方向のEPではポロイダル角度に関してより一様である。反電流方向のEPは、低磁場側から打ち出されると外側へのドリフト軌道を経験し、リミッター表面の底部領域に当たる傾向が強い。

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ITEREnergetic particlesResistive wall mode
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