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Light impurities: equilibrium, transport and density profiles in tokamak and stellarator plasmas

V A Shurygin2023年Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionIF 2.2出版社

The density profiles of light impurities observed in recent decades in a relatively wide variety of experiments on tokamaks and stellarators are analyzed and modeled based on the concept of self-consistent equilibrium and transport of impurity charge states (Shurygin 2020 Nuclear Fusion60 046001). The emphasis is on the formation of charge-radial equilibrium and its invariant properties affecting transport and density profile. The impurity invariant equilibrium arises due to random compatible charge-radial variations, linking the impurity motion into a general ergodic (Markovian) process governed by a matrix of final probabilities. More than 60 profiles of helium, boron and carbon with central accumulation, flat and hollow were accurately reproduced by invariant dimensionless transport functions. It is shown that the leading processes determining the formation of impurity invariant density profiles in stationary plasma are the processes of ionization-recombination, and not the transport of particles. Successive variations in the hollow density profiles of helium, boron, and carbon observed in experiments can be described as successive invariant profile changes in the recombination rate profiles. The invariant particle diffusive-convective profiles can be calculated directly from the impurity density profiles. A general empirical formula for equilibrium constant of light impurities was proposed.

日本語訳

近年トカマクおよびステラレーターにおける多様な実験で観測された軽不純物の密度分布を、不純物電荷状態の自己無撞着な平衡と輸送の概念に基づいて解析し、モデル化した(Shurygin 2020 Nuclear Fusion60 046001)。重点は、電荷-径方向平衡の形成と、密度分布に影響を与えるその不変性に置かれる。不純物の不変平衡は、ランダムな電荷-径方向変動に起因して生じ、不純物の運動を最終確率の行列によって支配される一般的なエルゴード的(マルコフ的)過程として結びつける。中心蓄積、平坦、中空の各分布を示す60以上のヘリウム、ホウ素、炭素の分布が、不変輸送関数によって正確に再現された。定常プラズマにおける不純物の不変密度分布の形成を決定する主要な過程は、粒子輸送ではなく、電離-再結合過程であることが示された。実験で観測されたヘリウム、ホウ素、炭素の中空密度分布の連続的な変化は、再結合率分布の連続的な不変変化として記述できる。不変の粒子対流-拡散分布は、不純物密度分布から直接計算可能である。軽不純物の平衡定数に関する一般的な経験式が提案された。

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