To achieve low deposited power flux density to solid surfaces in magnetic fusion devices, very small values of α are required, where α is the angle between B and the surface tangent. For an oblique magnetic field, there exists in front of the solid surface a Chodura sheath (CS) (also known as the 'magnetic pre-sheath') of thickness several ρi, the ion Larmor radius. The standard assumption is that the CS is additional to the Debye sheath (DS) of thickness several λD, the Debye length. Simple fluid modelling for collisionless CS conditions gives the drop in normalized electrostatic potential across the CS as eΔφCS/kTe = ln(sin α). For an electrically floating wall there is the separate constraint of ambipolar flow to the wall eΔφfloating/kTe = 0.5 ln[(2πme/mi)(1 + Ti/Te)], where Δφfloating = ΔφCS + ΔφDS. For the case of a deuterium plasma and Ti = Te, |eΔφfloating/kTe| = 2.84. For α < 3.35°, |eΔφCS/kTe| exceeds 2.84 which evidently implies that the DS ceases to exist for such values of α and the entire potential drop would then occur across the CS. New analysis of the CS provides solutions for a number of quantities of practical importance, which improve on the solutions presently in use in models and edge impurity codes. Compared with the latter, the results of the present analysis indicate that (i) the E-field directed towards the solid surface is stronger and (ii) the plasma density drops more rapidly approaching the solid surface. The effect of (i) is to increase the probability of prompt local deposition of sputtered particles, while (ii) has the opposite effect.
Electrostatic shielding of vaporizing surfaces exposed to hot plasmas