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Divertor impurity seeding with a new feedback control scheme for maintaining good core confinement in grassy-ELM H-mode regime with tungsten monoblock divertor in EAST

G.S. Xu, Q.P. Yuan, K.D. Li, L. Wang, J.C. Xu, Q.Q. Yang, Y.M. Duan, L.Y. Meng, Z.S. Yang, F. Ding2020年被引用 38Nuclear FusionIF 3出版社

Small perturbations and strong impurity exhaust capability associated with the small grassy ELMs render the grassy-ELM regime a suitable candidate for achieving steady-state H-mode operation with a radiative divertor, especially in a metal-wall device, such as the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST). As the degradation of pedestal performance with excessive divertor impurity seeding or accumulation tends to be accompanied with significantly increased radiation near the divertor X point, feedback control of the absolute extreme ultraviolet (AXUV) radiation near the X point has been employed to maintain the confinement property in EAST. However, the absolute value of the AXUV radiation at the outer target varies with plasma conditions as during the divertor detachment process. Thus, a new feedback-control scheme has been recently developed and applied to grassy-ELM H-mode plasmas in EAST to achieve stationary partial detachment while maintaining good global energy confinement with H98,y2 >1. In this scheme, electron temperatures (Tet) measured by divertor Langmuir probes are used to identify the onset of detachment, and then the plasma control system (PCS) switches to the feedback control of one channel of AXUV radiation near the X point, where a steep gradient in the radiation profile is present. The feedback is performed through pulse-width-modulated duty cycle of a piezo valve to seed impurities with mixed gas (50% Ne and 50% D2) from the outer target plate near the strike point in the upper tungsten monoblock divertor. Tet near the strike point is maintained in the range of 5–8 eV, and peak surface temperature on the outer target plate (TIR,peak) is suppressed and maintained at ∼180 °C, based on infrared camera measurements. The plasma stored energy maintains nearly constant over the entire feedback-control period. It thus offers a highly promising plasma control scenario suitable for long-pulse high-performance H-mode operation in EAST, which is potentially applicable to future steady-state fusion reactors as an integrated solution for the control of both ELM-induced transient and steady-state divertor heat loads while maintaining good core confinement.

日本語訳

小さなELMに伴う小さな摂動と強い不純物排気能力は、グリッシーELM regimeを、放射ダイバータを備えた定常Hモード運転を達成するための適切な候補とする。特に、Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak(EAST)のような金属壁装置において顕著である。過剰なダイバータ不純物シーディングまたは蓄積によるペデスタル性能の劣化は、ダイバータX点近傍の放射の顕著な増加を伴う傾向があるため、X点近傍の絶対極端紫外(AXUV)放射のフィードバック制御が、EASTにおける閉じ込め特性を維持するために採用されてきた。しかしながら、外側ターゲットにおけるAXUV放射の絶対値は、ダイバータ非接触過程などのプラズマ条件に応じて変動する。そこで、新しいフィードバック制御方式が開発され、EASTのグリッシーELM Hモードプラズマに適用され、H98,y>1の良好なエネルギー閉じ込めを維持しながら定常的な部分非接触状態を達成した。この方式では、ダイバータラングミュアプローブによって測定された電子温度(Tet)を用いて非接触開始を同定し、その後、プラズマ制御システム(PCS)が、放射プロファイルに急峻な勾配が存在するX点近傍のAXUV放射の1チャンネルのフィードバック制御に切り替える。フィードバックは、上部タングステンモノブロックダイバータのストライク点近傍の外側ターゲットプレートから、混合ガス(50% Neおよび50% D2)を用いて不純物をシーディングするピエゾバルブのパルス幅変調デューティサイクルを通じて実行される。ストライク点近傍のTetは5〜8 eVの範囲に維持され、赤外線カメラ測定に基づく外側ターゲットプレートのピーク表面温度(TIR,peak)は約180 °Cに抑制・維持された。プラズマ蓄積エネルギーはフィードバック制御期間全体を通じてほぼ一定に維持された。これにより、ELM誘起の過渡的および定常的なダイバータ熱負荷の両方を制御しながら、優れたコア閉じ込めを維持する統合ソリューションとして、将来の定常核融合炉に適用可能な、EASTにおける長時間高性能Hモード運転に適した極めて有望なプラズマ制御シナリオが提供される。

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DivertorTungstenEASTImpurityEdge localized modeH-modeImpurity seeding
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