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Line integrated density measurements on the Versatile Experiment Spherical Torus (VEST) using frequency sweep interferometer

Seong-Heon Seo, J Wang, S J Lee, J H Byun, K D Lee, C Sung, Y S Hwang2023年Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionIF 2.2出版社

A frequency sweep interferometer (FSI) operating in the frequency range of 50–75 GHz is installed in the versatile experiment spherical torus spherical tokamak to measure the line integrated density (LID). FSI measures the time derivative of phase to calculate the group delay, which is proportional to the LID under the condition that the microwave frequency is much higher than the plasma frequency. Since the group delay is calculated from the time derivative of phase and the frequency sweep rate, FSI is very sensitive to the measurement noise. In the view point of signal processing, derivative exaggerates the measurement noise. Therefore, sophisticated techniques for phase measurement and frequency linearization are required to obtain meaningful results with FSI. The detailed techniques and the hardware setup are explained in the paper. The LID measured by FSI is benchmarked with the LID measured by a conventional 94 GHz heterodyne interferometer. The two measurements agree well. A conventional interferometer can no longer provide LID when severe phase errors occur. This is because phase errors propagate to subsequent measurements. However, FSI provides LID during the entire discharge time successfully regardless of frequent measurement failure because the LID is obtained in FSI from the time derivative of phase rather than the phase. In this sense, FSI is suitable as a diagnostics for steady state plasmas. The main cause for the phase errors is identified as the beam path displacement due to the refraction of the plasma.

日本語訳

周波数掃引干渉計(FSI)は、50~75 GHzの周波数範囲で動作し、 versatile experiment spherical torus(VEST)球形トーラス装置に設置され、線積分密度(LID)を測定する。FSIは、位相の時間微分を測定して群遅延を算出する。群遅延は、マイクロ波周波数がプラズマ周波数よりも十分に高い条件下でLIDに比例する。群遅延は位相の時間微分と周波数掃引率から計算されるため、FSIは測定ノイズに対して非常に敏感である。信号処理の観点から見ると、微分演算は測定ノイズを増幅させる。したがって、有意な結果を得るためには、位相測定と周波数線形化に関する高度な技術が必要となる。本論文では、これらの詳細な技術とハードウェア構成について説明する。FSIによって測定されたLIDは、従来の94 GHzヘテロダイン干渉計によって測定されたLIDと比較検証された。両者の測定結果は良く一致した。従来の干渉計では、重大な位相誤差が発生した場合、LIDを提供できなくなる。これは、位相誤差がその後の測定に伝播するためである。一方、FSIは、位相の時間微分からLIDを取得するため、測定の失敗が頻繁に発生しても、放電全体を通じてLIDを正常に提供できる。この意味において、FSIは定常状態プラズマの診断に適している。位相誤差の主な原因は、プラズマによる屈折の結果生じるビーム経路の変位であると特定された。

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