The dynamics of electron temperature and density profiles during quasi-stationary H-mode phases in the TCV tokamak has been investigated for type III and type I edge-localized modes (ELMs) using electron cyclotron heating (ECH) to vary the collisionality. At heating power levels close to the threshold for the L–H transition, ELMs of type III were observed, with an energy loss per ELM below 10% of the total plasma energy. Electron temperature and pressure showed no significant increase during the phase before the ELM crash. ELMs of type I were characterized by a lower repetition rate, but caused fractional energy losses reaching 20%. For this ELM type, a clear increase in pedestal pressure and pressure gradient was observed before the collapse associated with the ELM event. The rapid drop in electron temperature also affected the plasma core explaining the rather large energy losses per ELM. Ideal MHD stability calculations of the edge pedestal with the KINX code showed that high-n ballooning modes restricted the achievable pressure gradient at high collisionality and ELMs of type III. With additional heating and type I ELMs, stability limits were set by medium-n kink-ballooning modes. Comparing the values of the pressure gradients and current densities obtained from experimental data with those of ideal MHD stability calculations showed good agreement. The model, however, needs to account for the radial displacement of the location of maximum pressure gradient during the ELM cycle.
Integrated simulation of ELM energy loss and cycle in improved H-mode plasmas