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Development of the upgraded single crystal dispersion interferometer (SCDI-U) and its first measurements of the line integrated electron densities in KSTAR during shattered pellet injections

Dong-Geun Lee, Kwan Chul Lee, J.-W. Juhn, Jae-seok Lee, Jayhyun Kim, SooHwan Park, Michael Lehnen, Yong-Hwa Park, Jae-Hak Jeong, Jaebeom Yim2024年Nuclear FusionIF 3出版社

Dispersion interferometers (DI) are widely used to measure line integrated electron densities in many fusion devices. A recent development of a heterodyne single crystal DI (SCDI) with a laser wavelength of 1064   nm (Lee et al 2021 Rev. Sci. Instrum.92 033536) allows an easier and simpler optical setup by using only one, instead of two, nonlinear crystal. It is found that the reported heterodyne SCDI with an acoustic-optical modulator (AOM) has different beam paths between the frequency-shifted, via the AOM, fundamental and second harmonics which act as the reference beams. Such a separation of the reference beams inevitably produces non-removable phase shifts associated with mechanical vibrations, resulting in a reduction of the removing efficiency of the mechanical vibrations that DI systems can provide. By utilizing the fact that the diffraction angle due to the AOM is inversely proportional to the frequency of the laser beam and linearly proportional to an order of the frequency-shift, the SCDI-Upgrade (SCDI-U), which has complete overlap of the optical paths for both probing and reference beams from the laser source to the detectors, is proposed in this work. Its first measurements in KSTAR during shattered pellet injections are reported, and results obtained by the SCDI-U are compared with those from the existing two-color interferometer (TCI) in KSTAR. It is found that the SCDI-U measures the electron density more reliably during such an abrupt and large density change than the TCI does. Qualitative analyses on the effects of different injection schemes of the shattered pellets and possible application of the SCDI-U for ITER are also discussed.

日本語訳

分散干渉計(DI)は、多くの核融合装置において線積分電子密度を測定するために広く使用されている。近年の、レーザー波長1064 nmのヘテロダイン単結晶DI(SCDI)の開発(Lee et al 2021 Rev. Sci. Instrum.92 033536)により、2つではなく1つの非線形結晶のみを使用することで、より容易で簡素な光学構成が可能になった。報告されている音響光学変調器(AOM)を有するヘテロダインSCDIは、AOMを介して周波数シフトされ、参照光として働く基本波と第二高調波との間で異なるビーム経路を持つことが見出された。このような参照光の分離は、機械的振動に伴う除去不可能な位相シフトを必然的に生じさせ、その結果、DIシステムが提供できる機械的振動の除去効率を低下させる。AOMによる回折角がレーザービームの周波数に反比例し、周波数シフトの次数に線形に比例するという事実を利用することで、レーザー光源から検出器に至るまでプローブ光と参照光の両方の光路が完全に重なるSCDI-Upgrade(SCDI-U)が本研究で提案される。そのKSTARでの破砕ペレット入射中の最初の測定が報告され、SCDI-Uによって得られた結果は、KSTARにおける既存の二色干渉計(TCI)による結果と比較される。SCDI-Uは、このような急激で大きな密度変化の際に、TCIよりも信頼性高く電子密度を測定することが見出された。破砕ペレットの異なる入射方式の影響と、ITERへのSCDI-Uの応用可能性に関する定性的解析も議論される。

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kstar高精度(タイトル一致)iter低精度(概要文一致)

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KSTARPellet injectionInterferometerShattered pellet injection
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