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MHD steady states as a model for confined plasmas

David C Montgomery, Jason W Bates, Leon P Kamp1999年Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionIF 2.2出版社

It has long been common to use ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) steady states as a zeroth approximation for confined plasmas, even when the behaviour of `resistive' instabilities was under discussion. Implicitly, the zeroth order resistive terms discarded are formally larger than the first order ones kept. Most of our normal mode vocabulary derives from these (ideal, zero-flow) MHD steady states and their perturbed behaviour. If the plasma is regarded as resistive, with both Ohm's law and Faraday's law being taken seriously along with the equation of motion and boundary conditions are included, then the situation becomes much more complex. It is far from clear which, if any, of the ideal zero-flow steady states are close to a realizable resistive one. We have been reconsidering this problem in the spirit of hydrodynamic shear flows, and have reached somewhat different conclusions than have been reached in previous decades. In a toroid, vortical flows seem to be a universal feature of the resistive steady states that are found. These flows involve both toroidal vorticity and (higher order) toroidal velocity and have characteristic patterns that are more or less unique for a given set of boundary conditions. Arbitrary `source' terms for the supply of mass and the maintenance of pressure gradients are unnecessary. No expansions in the inverse aspect ratio are involved. The numerical value of the kinematic viscosity and the correct form of the viscous stress tensor are important and reliable experimental information on these seems to be in short supply. A reconsideration of the fundamentals of confinement theory seems to be in order.

日本語訳

理想的な磁気流体力学(MHD)定常状態を、閉じ込めプラズマのゼロ次近似として用いることは、たとえ「抵抗性」不安定性の挙動を議論する場合であっても、長らく一般的に行われてきた。暗黙のうちに、捨象されたゼロ次の抵抗性項は、保持された一次の項よりも形式的に大きいのである。我々のノーマルモードに関する語彙の大半は、これらの(理想的で、流れのない)MHD定常状態と、その摂動的挙動に由来している。プラズマを抵抗性と見なし、オームの法則とファラデーの法則の両方を真剣に考慮し、さらに運動方程式と境界条件も含めるならば、状況ははるかに複雑になる。理想的な、流れのない定常状態のうち、どれが実現可能な抵抗性定常状態に近いのかは、まったく明らかではない。我々はこの問題を、流体力学におけるせん断流の精神に則って再考しており、過去数十年間に達せられた結論とはいくぶん異なる結論に達した。トーラス形状においては、渦状の流れが、見出される抵抗性定常状態の普遍的な特徴であると思われる。これらの流れは、トロイダル方向の渦度と(高次の)トロイダル方向の速度の両方を伴い、与えられた境界条件に対してほぼ一意的な特徴的なパターンを持つ。質量の供給や圧力勾配の維持のための任意の「源項」は不要である。逆アスペクト比による展開は関与しない。動粘性係数の数値と粘性応力テンソルの正しい形は重要であり、これらに関する信頼できる実験データは不足しているように思われる。閉じ込め理論の基礎の再考が求められている。

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Magnetohydrodynamics
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