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Multi-harmonic electron cyclotron heating and current drive scenarios for non-inductive start-up and ramp-up in high field ST-40 spherical tokamak

M. Ono, N. Bertelli, V. Shevchenko2022年被引用 1Nuclear FusionIF 3出版社

Non-inductive start-up and ramp-up is an important topic for spherical tokamak reactor design as the central solenoid implementation is highly restrictive particularly for the low-aspect-ratio tokamak configuration. In the high field spherical tokamak (ST), ST-40 with BT0 ⩽ 3 T, a preparation is underway for high power ECH and ECCD current start-up/ramp-up experiments utilizing two MW-class 140/105 GHz gyrotrons. Here, we explored various ECH/ECCD scenarios for a low-field-side (LFS) launch-angle steerable waveguide launcher placed near the mid-plane region. Due to the large toroidal field variation of ST configuration, multiple cyclotron harmonic resonance layers could exist within the plasma. In this start-up and ramp-up regime, both fundamental and second harmonic ECH resonances must be considered. We find that even with the presence of X-II resonance layer in the plasma, an efficient X-I ECH and ECCD regime can be accessed for the low electron temperature Te0 as low as 200 eV which is a typical starting temperature of ECH heated plasmas in an open-field-line configuration. The presence of X-II resonance could become significant at higher Te0 as X-II absorption increases with Te0 which could reduce the current ramp-up efficiency as the power reaching X-I is reduced. Finally for the pure X-I regime where the 2Ωe resonance is moved outside the plasma with BT0 ∼ 3.4 T, we find that it is possible to reach the full current of Ip ∼ 1 MA fully non-inductively with the ECH power of ∼1 MW at ne0 ∼ 1.0 × 1019 m−3 using 105 GHz frequency gyrotron. By reducing the outer limiter position RL ∼ 78 cm to 70 cm, the pure X-I regime is recovered at the rated ST-40 magnetic field of BT0 ∼ 3.0 T. This X-I regime is accessible with a relatively broad range of launched nII or the launching angles. A survey of X-mode X-II ECH and ECCD at higher density regimes is also shown for completeness.

日本語訳

非誘導立ち上げおよび立ち上げ後の電流駆動は、球状トカマク炉設計において重要な課題である。なぜなら、中心ソレノイドの実装は、特に低アスペクト比トカマク配位において非常に制約が大きいためである。高磁場球状トカマク(ST)であるST-40(BT0 ≤ 3 T)では、2基のメガワット級140/105 GHzジャイロトロンを用いた高パワーECHおよびECCD電流立ち上げ・立ち上げ後実験の準備が進められている。ここでは、中間面近傍に配置された低磁場側(LFS)発射角可変導波管ランチャーに対して、様々なECH/ECCDシナリオを検討した。ST配位におけるトロイダル磁場の大きな変動により、プラズマ内に複数のサイクロトロン高調波共鳴層が存在し得る。この立ち上げ・立ち上げ後領域では、基本波および第二高調波ECH共鳴の両方を考慮する必要がある。プラズマ中にX-II共鳴層が存在する場合でも、開放磁力線配位におけるECH加熱プラズマの典型的な初期電子温度である200 eVという低いTe0に対して、効率的なX-I ECHおよびECCD領域が利用可能であることが見出された。X-II共鳴の存在は、Te0が高くなるとX-II吸収が増大するため重要となり得るが、これはX-Iに到達するパワーが減少するため電流立ち上げ効率を低下させる可能性がある。最後に、2Ωe共鳴がBT0 ∼ 3.4 Tでプラズマ外に移動する純X-I領域では、105 GHz周波数ジャイロトロンを用いて、ne0 ∼ 1.0 × 10¹⁹ m⁻³においてECHパワー∼1 MWで完全非誘導の全電流Ip ∼ 1 MAに到達可能であることが見出された。外部リミター位置RL ∼ 78 cmを70 cmに低減することにより、定格ST-40磁場BT0 ∼ 3.0 Tで純X-I領域が回復する。このX-I領域は、比較的広範囲の入射nIIまたは発射角度でアクセス可能である。高密度領域におけるXモードX-II ECHおよびECCDの調査も、完全性のために示されている。

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Current driveElectron cyclotron heatingSpherical tokamak
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