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On multiple solutions of the Grad–Shafranov equation

C.J. Ham, P.E. Farrell2024年Nuclear FusionIF 3出版社

The Grad–Shafranov equation (GSE) for axisymmetric MHD equilibria is a nonlinear, scalar PDE which in principle can have zero, one or more non-trivial solutions. The conditions for the existence of multiple solutions has been little explored in the literature so far. We develop a simple analytic model to calculate multiple solutions in the large aspect ratio limit. We compare the results to the recently developed deflated continuation method to find multiple solutions in a realistic geometry and right-hand side of the GSE using the finite element method. The analytic model is surprisingly accurate in calculating multiple solutions of the GSE for given boundary conditions and the two methods agree well in limiting cases. We examine the effect of plasma shaping and aspect ratio on the multiple solutions and show that shaping generally does not alter the number of solutions. We discuss implications for predictive modelling, equilibrium reconstruction, plasma stability and disruptions.

日本語訳

Grad–Shafranov方程式(GSE)は、軸対称MHD平衡に対する非線形スカラー偏微分方程式であり、原理的にはゼロ個、一個、または複数の非自明解を持ち得る。多重解が存在する条件は、これまでの文献ではほとんど調査されていない。我々は、大アスペクト比極限における多重解を計算するための単純な解析モデルを開発する。我々はその結果を、有限要素法を用いて現実的な幾何学形状とGSEの右辺において多重解を見つけるために最近開発されたdeflated継続法と比較する。解析モデルは、与えられた境界条件に対するGSEの多重解の計算において驚くほど正確であり、二つの手法は極限的な場合によく一致する。我々は、プラズマ形状とアスペクト比が多重解に及ぼす影響を調べ、形状は一般に解の数を変えないことを示す。我々は、予測モデリング、平衡再構成、プラズマ安定性、およびディスラプションへの影響について議論する。

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